What
is malaria?
Derived from the Italian word for "bad air," it was originally
thought swamp fumes in Rome were the cause of malaria, as outbreaks were a
regular occurrence there.
There are more than 100 types of Plasmodium parasites,which can infect a variety of species. Scientists have identified five types that specifically infect humans, they are:
falciparum - located worldwide in tropical and suburban areas, but predominately in Africa. An estimated 1 million people are killed by this
strain every year. The strain can multiply rapidly and can adhere to blood vessel walls in the brain, causing rapid onset of severe malaria including
cerebral malaria.
vivas - located in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, it is arguably the most widespread due to the high population of Asia. This strain has a dormant liver stage that can activate and invade the blood after months or years, causing many patients to relapse.
oval - located mainly in West Africa, it is biologically and morphological very similar to. viva x. However, unlike . viva x, this strain can affect individuals who are negative with the Duffy blood group, which is the case for many residents of sub-Saharan Africa. This explains the greater prevalence of oval (rather than . viva x) in most of Africa.
malaria - located worldwide and the only human malaria parasite to have a three-day cycle. If left untreated, malaria can cause a long-lasting, chronic infection that can last a lifetime and which may cause the nephrotic syndrome.
Knowles - located in Southeast Asia and associated with macaques (a type of monkey). This strain has a 24 hour cycle and can, therefore, multiply rapidly once a patient is infected, causing an uncomplicated case to become serious very quickly. Fatal cases of infection with this strain have been reported.
vivas - located in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, it is arguably the most widespread due to the high population of Asia. This strain has a dormant liver stage that can activate and invade the blood after months or years, causing many patients to relapse.
oval - located mainly in West Africa, it is biologically and morphological very similar to. viva x. However, unlike . viva x, this strain can affect individuals who are negative with the Duffy blood group, which is the case for many residents of sub-Saharan Africa. This explains the greater prevalence of oval (rather than . viva x) in most of Africa.
malaria - located worldwide and the only human malaria parasite to have a three-day cycle. If left untreated, malaria can cause a long-lasting, chronic infection that can last a lifetime and which may cause the nephrotic syndrome.
Knowles - located in Southeast Asia and associated with macaques (a type of monkey). This strain has a 24 hour cycle and can, therefore, multiply rapidly once a patient is infected, causing an uncomplicated case to become serious very quickly. Fatal cases of infection with this strain have been reported.
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